Zbornik radova Naučno-stručnog društva za upravljanje rizicima u vanrednim situacijama (Collection of Papers, Scientific-Professional Society for Disaster Risk Management and International Institute for Disaster Research

ULOGA I ZNAČAJ UČITELJA U OBRAZOVANJU ZA SMANJENJE RIZIKA OD PRIRODNIH KATASTROFA (THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF TACHERS IN EDUCATION FOR REDUCING THE RISK OF NATURAL DISSTERS)

Admir Metić — Thu, 18 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0100

Iako učitelji ne mogu biti jedini odgovorni za obrazovanje učenika za smanjenje rizika od nepogoda, njihova uloga i u ovom aspektu obrazovanja, kao nekog u koga su u učionici uperene oči učenika, jeste snažna. Sve učestalije nepogode i nesreće koje sa sobom nose i rad sa populacijom koja je najranjiviji deo društva mogu biti podsticaj učiteljima da iskoriste potencijal nastavnih sadržaja i kad god su u prilici realizuju ovaj aspekt obrazovanja na časovima. Osim toga, još manja ograničenja postoje za realizaciju ovog aspekta obrazovanja kada su u pitanju vannastavne aktivnosti. Postoje brojna pitanja koja će svaki učitelj postaviti sebi kada započinje rad u okviru obrazovanja za smanjenje rizika od nepogoda. Neka od njih su i ovde navedena. Pojedina pitanja su ostavljena bez odgovora jer služe samo kao smernice učitelju o čemu sve treba da promišlja kada započinje rad na ovoj oblasti, dok su na pojedina pitanja dati odgovori, kao vid podrške u radu u okviru obrazovanja za smanjenje rizika od nepogoda. Predmet rada obuhvata ulogu i značaj učitelja u obrazovanju za smanjenje rizika od prirodnih katastrofa. Cilj rada predstavljaju mogućnosti koje nastavni programi pružaju svim učenicima mlađeg školskog uzrasta da se obrazuju i vaspitavaju u duhu smanjenja rizika od nepogoda.

Teachers play a significant role in this element of education as they are someone students look to for guidance in the classroom, even if they cannot be held solely responsible for training students to reduce the chance of natural disasters. They can be encouraged to use the potential of teaching content whenever they have the opportunity to realize this aspect of education in teaching by the increasing frequency of disasters and accidents that they bring with them and interaction with the population that is the most vulnerable part of society. Additionally, there are even fewer restrictions when it comes to extracurricular activities for the performance of this part of the education. At the beginning of their work on disaster risk reduction education, every teacher will ask themselves a series of questions. While some questions are addressed as a form of assistance in the work of natural disaster risk reduction education, other questions remain unanswered as they simply serve as guidelines for the teacher in terms of what to consider before starting work in this area. The subject of the work includes the role and importance of teachers in education for reducing the risk of natural disasters. The goal of the work is the opportunities that educational programs provide to all students of younger school age to be educated and brought up in the spirit of reducing the risk of accidents.

UNAPREĐENJE SPOSOBNOSTI ODGOVORA NA POPLAVE (UČENJE IZ ISKUSTVA SLOVENIJE ZA SRBIJU I BOSNU I HERCEGOVINU (ENHANCING FLOOD RESPONSE CAPACITIES - LESSONS FROM SLOVENIA FOR SERBIA AND BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)

Jelena Simović — Thu, 18 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0100

U avgustu 2023. godine, Slovenija se suočila sa ozbiljnim poplavama, ali njeno efikasno korištenje EU Mehanizma civilne zaštite istaklo je spremnost i sposobnosti odgovora. Ovaj rad analizira naučene lekcije iz slovenačkog iskustva i razmatra kako bi Srbija, kao i Bosna i Hercegovina, na Zapadnom Balkanu, mogle iskoristiti ovaj mehanizam za unapređenje svojih sistema civilne zaštite. Proučavanjem uticaja nedavnog poplavnog događaja na susjedne zemlje, pregledni rad naglašava potencijal za poboljšanu regionalnu saradnju i odgovor na katastrofe unutar okvira EU Mehanizma civilne zaštite. Osim toga, pregledni rad ističe ključnu potrebu za jačanjem otpornosti na katastrofe u regionu koji postaje sve ranjiviji na prirodne nepogode. Ono baca svjetlo na ulogu međunarodne saradnje, ne samo u odgovoru na katastrofe, već i u podsticanju pomirenja i saradnje između zemalja na Zapadnom Balkanu, doprinoseći tako stabilnijoj i sigurnijoj budućnosti regiona.

In August 2023, Slovenia faced severe floods, yet its effective utilization of the EU Civil Protection Mechanism highlighted preparedness and response capabilities. This paper analyzes the lessons learned from the Slovenian experience and explores how Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Western Balkans could leverage this mechanism to enhance their civil protection systems. Examining the impact of the recent flood event on neighbouring countries, the review emphasizes the potential for improved regional collaboration and disaster response within the framework of the EU Civil Protection Mechanism. Furthermore, it underscores the crucial need to strengthen disaster resilience in a region increasingly vulnerable to natural disasters. Shedding light on the role of international cooperation, not only in disaster response but also in fostering reconciliation and collaboration among Western Balkan countries, it contributes to a more stable and secure future for the region.

IZVORI POŽARA U KAZNENO-POPRAVNIM USTANOVAMA (SOURCES OF FIRE IN PENAL AND CORRECTION INSTITUTIONS)

Dejan Novaković, Martin Matijašević, Željko Lazić — Thu, 18 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0100

Nezadovoljstvo uslovima smeštaja, ishrane, načina ophođenja lica zaduženih za nadzor i brigu, želja za slobodom, mogu biti motivi za namerno podmetanje požara. Pored namernih paljevina, rizici od požara vezuju se za druge izvore požara koji se mogu sresti u zatvorskim ustanovama (radionice, kotlarnice, skladišta čvrstog i tečnog ogreva, električne instalacije, radovi na otvorenom prostoru,restorani i kuhinje, pušenje i sl.). Pored toga, tu su i rizici koji dolaze iz okruženja i ako se ne kontrolišu mogu se veoma brzo proširiti i na zatvorske komplekse. Identifikacija i procena svih oblika i izvora ugrožavanja i implementacija adekvatnih organizacionih i fizičko-tehničkih mera obezbeđenja radi otklanjanja rizika od nastanka požara problem je koji zauzima dominantno mesto sa aspekta upravljanja rizikom od požara, a polazna osnova je identifikacija izvora požara u kazneno-popravnim ustanovama.

Dissatisfaction with the conditions of accommodation, food, treatment of persons in charge of supervision and care, and desire for freedom, can be motives for deliberate arson. In addition to deliberate arson, fire risks are related to other sources of fire that can be encountered in prison institutions (workshops, boiler rooms, storage of solid and liquid fuel, electrical installations, work in open spaces, restaurants and kitchens, smoking, etc.). In addition, some risks come from the environment and if they are not controlled, they can spread very quickly to prison complexes. The identification and assessment of all forms and sources of danger and the implementation of adequate organizational and physical-technical security measures to eliminate the risk of fire is a problem that occupies a dominant place from the aspect of fire risk management, and the starting point is the identification of the source of fire in penal institutions.

PRIPREMLJENOST ZA KATASTROFE IZAZVANE SUŠAMA, EKSTREMNIM TEMPERATURAMA I OLUJNIM VETROVIMA (PREPAREDNESS FOR DISASTERS CAUSED BY DRUGS, EXTREME TEMPERATURES AND STORM WINDS)

Steva Miletić — Thu, 18 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0100

Prirodne katastrofe nastale usled klimatskih promena su sve učestalije i intenzivnije u životu savremenog čoveka. Reakcija pojedinca, zajednice i društva odvija se pre, za vreme trajanja i nakon katastrofa. Međutim, ni jedna prirodna pojava ne mora biti pogubna i sa katastrofalnim posledicama ukoliko je društvo svesno prisutne opasnosti i pripremljeno za odgovor. Predmet istraživanja u ovom radu jeste pripremljenost za delotvornije reagovanje na atmosferske katastrofe. Pregledom domaće i strane naučne literature, odnosno metodom analize sadržaja autor nastoji da čitaoce upozna sa pojmom pripremljenosti za katastrofe. Prirpemljenost je u ovom radu definisana u kontekstu konkretnih opasnosti. Akcenat je stavljen na aktivnostima i merama neophodnih za postupanje i unapređivanje pripremljenosti za katastrofe izazavane sušama, ekstremno visokim i niskim temperaturama, kao i olujnim vetrovima. U završnom delu rada govori se o značaju obučavanja građana i primenljivosti različitih načina edukacije, s ciljem podizanja svesti i nivoa pripremljenosti.

Natural disasters caused by climate change are becoming more frequent and intense in the life of modern man. Individual, community and societal response takes place before, during and after disasters. However, not a single natural phenomenon has to be disastrous and have catastrophic consequences if society is aware of the present danger and is prepared to respond. The subject of research in this paper is preparedness for a more effective response to atmospheric disasters. By reviewing domestic and foreign scientific literature, or using the method of content analysis, the author tries to familiarize readers with the concept of preparedness for disasters. In this paper, preparedness is defined in the context of specific hazards. Emphasis is placed on the activities and measures necessary for handling and improving preparedness for disasters caused by droughts, extreme high and low temperatures, as well as stormy winds. The final part of the paper discusses the importance of training citizens and the applicability of different methods of education, intending to raise awareness and the level of preparedness.

OSNOVNA OBUKA PRIPADNIKA DOBROVOLЈNIH VATROGASNIH JEDINICA (BASIC TRAINING OF MEMBERS OF VOLUNTEER FIREFIGHTER UNITS)

Dejan Đurđević — Thu, 18 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0100

U prethodnim godinama Ministarstvo unutrašnjih poslova je kroz rad nadležne službe – Sektora za vanredne situacije, prepoznalo značaj dobrovoljnih vatrogasnih jedinica u procesu zaštite od požara i odogovora na nastale vanredne događaje. Dobrovoljno angažovanje građana Republike Srbije kroz rad dobrovoljnih vatrogasnih društava ima dugogodišnju tradiciju, posebno u severnoj pokrajini republike. Shodno postojećem stanju u ovoj oblasti, preduzete su opsežne radnje na podizanju kapaciteta navedenih jedinica sa posebnom osvrtom na stvaranje uslova za organizaciju značajnog broja osnovnih obuka za pripadnike dobrovoljnih vatrogasnih jedinica. Obuka omogućava usvajanje znanja, sticanje veština i stavova potrebnih za obavljanje zadataka pripadnika dobrovoljnih vatrogasnih jedinica i namenjena je pripadnicima dobrovoljnih vatrogasnih društava koji obavljaju ili će obavljati zadatke pripadnika dobrovoljnih vatrogasnih jedinica.

In recent years, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, through the work of the competent service - Emergency Menagament Sektor, recognized the value of volunteer firefighting units in the process of fire protection and response to emergency events in rural areas. Voluntary engagement of citizens of the Republic of Serbia through the work of voluntary fire brigades has a long-standing tradition, especially in the northern province of the republic. In accordance with the current situation of the area, extensive actions were undertaken to increase the capacity of the mentioned units with a special focus on creating conditions for the organization of a significant number of basic training regimes for members of volunteer firefighting units. This training enables the prerequisite knowledge, skills and attitudes needed to perform the tasks of members of volunteer firefighting units and is intended for members of volunteer firefighting societies who perform or will perform the duties of members of volunteer firefighting units.

UPRAVLJANJE FINANSIJSKIM RIZIKOM U PRIRODNIM KATASTROFAMA (FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT IN NATURAL DISASTERS)

Jovana Saša Pejčić — Thu, 18 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0100

Predmet ovoga rada odnosi se na upravljanje finansijskim rizikom u prirodnim katastrofama. Postojeći teorijsko-praktični okvir koji tretira ovu oblast je nedovoljno razvijen u Republici Srbiji, pa nedostatak znanja i praktične operacionalizacije u ovoj oblasti može da prouzrokuje višestruke probleme državi, njenim institucijama i stanovništvu u celini. Iskustva drugih zemalja ukazuju da u ukupnosti sistema za zaštitu i spasavanje postoje dobro razradjene procedure procene i upravljanja finansijskog rizika u prirodnim katastrofama, kao i proceni nastale štete nakon njihovog ispoljavanja. Rastući trend pojave prirodnih katastrofa, bez obzira na vrstu i način ispoljavanja, ključni su razlozi za istraživanje u oblasti finansijskog aspekta upravljanja rizicima u prirodnim katastrofama. U radu je korišćen dostupan teorijski fond znanja o predmetnoj oblasti kao i dosadašnja iskustva o finansijskim troškovima prirodnih katastrofa u Republici Srbiju u poslednjih nekoliko godina.

This paper focuses on the management of financial risk in natural disasters. The existing theoretical-practical framework addressing this area is inadequately developed in the Republic of Serbia. The lack of knowledge and practical operationalization in this field can cause multiple problems for the state, its institutions, and the population as a whole. Experiences from other countries indicate that within the overall system of protection and disaster management, well-developed procedures exist for the assessment and management of financial risk in natural disasters, as well as the evaluation of damage incurred after their occurrence. The growing trend of natural disasters, regardless of their type and manifestation, is a key reason for researching the financial aspect of risk management in natural disasters. The paper utilizes the available theoretical knowledge in the subject area, as well as the previous experiences regarding the financial costs of natural disasters in the Republic of Serbia in recent years.

TAKTIKA ZAŠTITE I SPASAVANJA IZ RUŠEVINA U URBANIM SREDINAMA (TACTICS OF SEARCH AND RESCUE OPERATIONS IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS)

Dean Sretenović, Vladimir M. Cvetković, Vangel Milkovski — Thu, 18 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0100

Taktika zaštite i spasavanja iz ruševina u urbanim sredinama predstavlja ključnu oblast u taktici zaštite i spasavanja u vanrednim situacijama. Ovaj rad istražuje metode zaštite i spasavanja koje se primenjuju u vanrednim situacijama izazvanim zemljotresima u urbanim sredinama. Cilj rada predstavlja analiza najefikasnijih pristupa zaštite i spašavanja, uzimajući u obzir specifičnosti urbanog okruženja. U radu se detaljno razmatraju tehnike pretrage, identifikacije i spašavanja unutar ruševina, kao i koordinacija između različitih timova i agencija koje učestvuju u hitnim intervencijama. Poseban fokus stavljen je na primenu savremenih tehnologija, uključujući senzore, dronove i robotske sisteme, kako bi se povećala efikasnost i sigurnost operacija spasavanja. Pored toga, analiziraju se i faktori rizika koji utiču na uspešnost operacija spasavanja iz ruševina, uključujući infrastrukturne izazove, komunikacione prepreke i logističke ograničenja. Na osnovu ovih analiza, predstavljaju se preporuke za unapređenje taktika zaštite i spasavanja u urbanim sredinama, sa ciljem smanjenja potencijalnih gubitaka ljudskih života i materijalnih šteta u vanrednim situacijama.

Tactics of search and rescue operations in urban environments represent a crucial area within the tactics of protection and rescue in emergency situations. This paper explores methods of protection and rescue applied in emergency situations caused by earthquakes in urban environments. The aim of the paper is to analyze the most effective approaches to protection and rescue, taking into account the specificities of the urban environment. The paper extensively discusses techniques for searching, identifying, and rescuing within debris, as well as coordination between different teams and agencies involved in emergency interventions. Special focus is placed on the use of modern technologies, including sensors, drones, and robotic systems, to enhance the efficiency and safety of rescue operations. Furthermore, risk factors affecting the success of debris rescue operations, including infrastructure challenges, communication barriers, and logistical constraints, are analyzed. Based on these analyses, recommendations are presented to improve tactics of protection and rescue in urban environments, with the aim of reducing potential loss of human lives and material damages in emergency situations.

UPRAVLJANJE RIZICIMA OD POTENCIJALNIH KLIZIŠTA I ODRONA U RUDNIKU ANTRACITA „VRŠKA ČUKA” – AVRAMICA (MANAGEMENT OF RISKS FROM POTENTIAL LANDSLIDE IN THE ,,VRŠKA ČUKA” ANTHRACITE MINE – AVRAMICA)

Bojana Maksimović, Steva Miletić, Branislav Stakić — Thu, 18 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0100

Predmet istraživanja u ovom radu je analiza potencijalnih klizišta, odrona i deformacija terena u eksploatacionom polju RA ,,Vrška Čuka” – Avramica, kao i mere upravljanja rizicima ukoliko dođe do akcidentnih situacija. Konceptualno rad se sastoji iz četiri dela. U prvom delu će biti obrađeni osnovni podaci vezani za geografski položaj, geomorfološke uslove i delatnost RA ,,Vrška Čuka” – Avramica. U drugom delu biće objašnjeni mehanizmi nastajanja odrona i kliziišta sa geološkog aspekta. Treći deo obuhvata analizu potencijalnih klizišta i odrona na površini terena, kao i deformacije terena usled podzemne eksploatacije uglja. U četvrtom delu biće sagledane preventivne mere i konkretni zadaci kojima se treba voditi u cilju smanjenja mogućih katastrofa. Cilj rada je evidentirati potencijalno opasne lokacije na kojima bi moglo doći do formiranja odrona i klizišta, unaprediti sistem efikasnog upravljanja rizicima, što podrazumeva monitoring i konkretne mere postupanja za sprečavanje nastajanja akcidentnih situacija.

The subject of research in this work is the analysis of potential landslides and terrain deformations in the exploitation field of RA ,,Vrška Čuka” - Avramica, as well as risk management measures in case of accidental situations. Conceptually, the work consists of four parts. In the first part, the basic data related to the geographical position, geomorphological conditions and activity of RA ,,Vrška Čuka” - Avramica will be processed. The second part will explain the mechanisms of landslides from a geological point of view. The third part includes the analysis of potential landslides on the surface of the terrain, as well as deformation of the terrain due to underground coal mining. In the fourth part, preventive measures and specific tasks that should be carried out in order to reduce possible disasters will be reviewed. The goal of the work is to record potentially dangerous locations where landslides could occur, to improve the system of effective risk management, which includes monitoring and concrete measures to prevent the occurrence of accidents.

INTEGRISANO SMANJENJE RIZIKA OD KATASTROFA IZAZVANIH KLIZIŠTIMA U SRBIJI (INTEGRATED DISASTER RISK REDUCTION FROM LANDSLIDES IN SERBIA)

Goran Božić — Thu, 18 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0100

Prirodne katastrofe manifestovane u vidu klizišta destruktivno utiču po državu u kojoj su nastale, životnu sredinu, život i zdravlјe njenih građana, materijalne resurse i nanose ekonomsko-finansijske gubitke većih ili manjih razmera. Opšte je poznato da je uzročnik pomenutih katastrofa klizišta, pored same prirode, atmosferskih i litoserskih uticaja i sam čovek, njegov egoizam i težnja za finansijskom moći, narušavajući sva pravila prirode i crpeći maksimum iz njenih resursa, bez osvrtanja na posledice koje mogu proizaći iz tog nesklada sa prirodom. Glavni cilј ovog rada jeste ukazivanje na potencijalne opasnosti i njihovo ublažavanje, sa osvrtom na Srbiju, mere prevencije i preduzimanje proceduralnih aktivnosti, te identifikovanju klјučnih determinanti u upravlјanju rizikom kada su u pitanju klizišta, kao i povezanost prirodnih i društvenih faktora. U zaklјučku rada, dat je primat na rešavanju problema neizvesnosti pojavom klizišta i donošenju racionalnih odluka o raspodeli sredstava i pratećih resursa za upravlјanje rizikom od klizišta i ublažavanjem neželјenih posledica.

Natural disasters, in the form of landslides, have a destructive impact on the country of their origin, the environment, the lives and health of its citizens, material resources, and result in economic and financial losses of varying magnitudes. It is widely known that landslides, caused by nature, atmospheric and lithospheric influences, and human actions driven by egoism and the desire for financial power, disrupt the natural order and exploit its resources to the maximum, disregarding the potential consequences of this imbalance with nature. The main goal of this paper is to highlight potential dangers and mitigate their effects, focusing on Serbia. It explores preventive measures, and procedural activities, and identifies key determinants in risk management related to landslides, considering the inter-connectedness of natural and social factors. In the conclusion, emphasis is placed on addressing the uncertainty associated with landslides and making rational decisions regarding the allocation of resources for landslide risk management and the mitigation of undesirable consequences.

OBUKA UČESNIKA U KONTROLI TRANSPORTA OPASNE ROBE I ODGOVOR NA HEMIJSKE UDESE U TRANSPORTU (RAINING OF PARTICIPANTS IN THE CONTROL OF TRANSPORT OF DAN-GEROUS GOODS AND THE RESPONSE FOR CHEMICAL ACCIDENTS IN TRANSPORT)

Dejan Đurđević — Thu, 18 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0100

Razvojem nauke u industriji i novih tehnologija, broj opasnih materija (zapalјive tečnosti, otrovni, korozivni i infektivni gasovi itd.) se svakim danom povećava. Upotreba takvih materija, pored pozitivnih osobina, nosi u sebi i niz skrivenih, nepoznatih opasnosti po čoveka, njegovu životnu i radnu sredinu. On se uvećava u toku njihovog transporta, zbog manipulacija koje za to vreme moraju da se obave. U toku prevoza opasne materije su posebno izložene pretnji, odnosno umnožava se rizik od nastanka havarije usled uslova na transportnoj ruti i kvalitetu tehničkih sredstava za transport opasne materije. Neophodnost preventivnog delovanja, permanentne kontrole učesnika u trasnportu i organizaciona spremnost sistema za adekvatan odgovor na nastali događaj u cilјu zaštite, predstavlјa jedan od prioritetnih cilјeva države na polјu održavanja opšte i javne bezbednosti i stabilnosti državnog sistema u celini. Obuka omogućava usvajanje znanja, sticanje veština i stavova potrebnih za efektivno i efikasno obavlјanje poverenih zadataka iz složenog sitema preventivnog delovanja i odgovora na vanredne događaje u kojima učestvuju opasne materije.

With the development of science in the industry and new technologies, the number of dangerous substances (flammable liquids, poisonous, corrosive and infectious gases, etc.) is increasing every day. The use of such substances, in addition to their positive properties, also carries several hidden, unknown dangers for humans and their living and working environment. It increases during their transport, due to the manipulations that have to be done during that time. During transportation, hazardous materials are particularly exposed to threats, that is, the risk of damage is multiplied due to the conditions on the transport route and the quality of the technical means for transporting hazardous materials. The necessity of preventive action, permanent control of transport participants and the organizational readiness of the system for an adequate response to the incident to protect it, is one of the priority goals of the state in the field of maintaining general and public safety and the stability of the state system as a whole. The training enables the acquisition of knowledge, skills and attitudes required for the effective and efficient performance of entrusted tasks from a complex system of preventive action and response to emergency events involving hazardous substances.

UPRAVLJANJE U VANREDNIM SITUACIJAMA NASTALIM TERORISTIČKIM AKTOM (MANAGEMENT IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS CAUSED BY A TERRORIST ACT)

Adis Dazdarević — Thu, 18 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0100

Svi aspekti ekonomskog i društvenog života pogođeni su bezbrojnim poteškoćama i preokretima koje savremena civilizacija trenutno proživljava. Afekti prirodnog okruženja, koji su još jednom uzročno povezani sa svim promenama životne sredine, nesumnjivo se moraju uzeti u obzir pored društvenih. Bilo da su izazvane čovekom ili prirodom, vanredne situacije su se umnožile u učestalosti i raznovrsnosti, i one sada imaju veći svakodnevni uticaj na ljude, imovinu i životnu sredinu. Jedna od konstanti ljudske istorije je pojava vanrednih situacija, koje su u velikoj meri konceptualno definisane brojnim pretnjama po bezbednost koje mogu nastati na datom području usled prirodnih katastrofa ili ljudskih aktivnosti. Vanredne situacije vezane za terorizam su posebno komplikovana vrsta krize koja se može desiti u društvu jer imaju trenutne i dugotrajne posledice i zahtevaju značajan društveni napor da bi se sprečile i rešile. S obzirom da terorizam ne može sam da transformiše društvo, čin širenja određene poruke je nesumnjivo njegov najznačajniji kvalitet. Strah ili širenje straha je još jedna odlika terorizma. Amoralnost samog čina je sledeća odlika terorizma. Terorizam je krivično delo koje je zakonom zabranjeno. Predmet rada obuhvata upravljanje vanrednim situacijama nastalim terorističkim aktom. Cilj rada je sagledati sve aspekte i karakteristike sadašnjeg sistema upravljanja vanrednim situacijama nastalim terorističkim aktom i na osnovu ustanovljenog stanja predložiti načine kako bi se uočeni propusti mogli ispraviti i poboljšati.

All aspects of economic and social life are affected by the countless difficulties and upheavals that modern civilization is currently experiencing. The effects of the natural environment, which are once again causally related to all environmental changes, must undoubtedly be taken into account in addition to the social ones. Whether man-made or natural, emergencies have multiplied in frequency and variety, and they now have a greater daily impact on people, property and the environment. One of the constants of human history is the emergence of emergency situations, which are conceptually defined to a large extent by numerous security threats that may arise in a given area due to natural disasters or human activities. Terrorist emergencies are a particularly complicated type of crisis that can occur in society because they have immediate and long-term consequences and require a significant societal effort to prevent and resolve them. Given that terrorism cannot transform society by itself, the act of spreading a certain message is undoubtedly its most significant quality. Fear or spreading fear is another characteristic of terrorism. The immorality of the act itself is the next characteristic of terrorism. Terrorism is a crime that is prohibited by law. The subject of the work includes the management of emergency situations caused by a terrorist act. The goal of the paper is to review all aspects and characteristics of the current system of managing emergency situations caused by a terrorist act and, based on the established situation, to propose ways to correct and improve the observed shortcomings.

UPRAVLJANJE RIZICIMA U BANKARSKOM SISTEMU (RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE BANKING SYSTEM)

Nikola Vidović, Hatidza Beriša — Thu, 18 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0100

Istraživanjem u radu analizirani su institucionalni okviri bankarskog poslovanja i procesi upravljanja rizicima u bankarskom sektoru, gde su prevashodno sagledana dosadašnja iskustva regulatornih i poslov-nih politika banaka i u okviru nje sistemi upravljanja rizicima. Sadržajnom analizom u radu su prikazani uticaji ekonomske politike države i tržišta na uspostavljanje procesa upravljanja rizicima banke, kao i izloženost banke različitim unutrašnjim i spoljnim izazovima po poslovanje, primena sporazuma Bazelskog komiteta kao obaveza upravljanja rizicima i pragmatična primena različitih modela za zašti-tu od različitih vrsta rizika koji se ispoljavaju. U eri digitalizacije i tehnoloških inovacija kroz softverska i analitička rešenja podržana veštačkom inteligencijom predstavljeni su odgovori za zaštitu, kontrolu, praćenje i saniranje uticaja novih modaliteta izazova i rizika po bankarski sistem kao integralni segment finansijskog sistema zemalja.

The research in the paper analyzed the institutional frameworks of banking operations and risk management processes in the banking sector, where the previous experiences of regulatory and business policies of banks and within it the risk management system were primarily reviewed. The substantive analysis of the paper shows the effects of the economic policy of the state and the market on the establishment of the bank's risk management process, as well as the bank's exposure to various internal and external business challenges, the implementation of the Basel Committee agreement as a risk management obligation and the pragmatic application of different models for protection against different types of risks. which are manifested. In the era of digitization and technological innovation, through software and analytical solutions supported by artificial intelligence, answers are presented for protection, control, monitoring and remediation of the impact of new modalities of challenges and risks on the banking system as an integral segment of the financial system of countries.

FENOMENOLOŠKE DIMENZIJE I POSLEDICE ZEMLJOTRESA KAO PRIRODNE OPASNOSTI (PHENOMENOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS AND CONSEQUENCES OF EARTHQUAKES AS NATURAL HAZARDS)

Goran Grozdanić — Thu, 18 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0100

Zemljotresi, kao prirodni fenomeni, izazivaju izazove u preciznoj predikciji, ali analiza seizmoloških podataka omogućava približno određivanje vremenskog okvira za moguću seizmičku aktivnost. Ovi događaji proizlaze iz dinamičnih pokreta tektonskih ploča, što dovodi do oslobađanja značajne količine energije na pogođenom području. Iako je precizna prognoza nemoguća, sagledavanje šireg seizmičkog konteksta omogućava opštu procenu kada bi se novi zemljotres mogao očekivati. Proučavajući posledice zemljotresa, postaje jasno da njihov uticaj prevazilazi trenutne geološke brige. Poremećaji izazvani seizmičkom aktivnošću značajno izazivaju izazove za integritet infrastrukture, posebno kritične infrastrukture. Nastale štete i poremećaji često zahtevaju obimna finansijska ulaganja za rekonstrukciju i obnovu. Dodatno, ljudski bilans, obuhvatajući povrede i gubitke života, zahteva sveobuhvatne strategije za pripremu i odgovor u hitnim situacijama. Razumevanje višeslojnih posledica zemljotresa je od suštinskog značaja za izradu efikasnih politika upravljanja rizicima, obuhvatajući kako kratkoročne mere ublažavanja, tako i dugoročne strategije izgradnje otpornosti. Ovaj pregledni rad istražuje kompleksnost seizmičkih događaja, naglašavajući potrebu za interdisciplinarnom saradnjom i globalnom koordinacijom u razvoju strategija za minimiziranje negativnih efekata zemljotresa.

Earthquakes, as natural phenomena, pose challenges in precise prediction, but the analysis of seismic data allows for a rough determination of the timeframe for possible seismic activity. These events result from the dynamic movements of tectonic plates, leading to the release of a significant amount of energy in the affected area. Although precise forecasting is impossible, an overview of the broader seismic context enables a general assessment of when a new earthquake might be expected. Studying the consequences of earthquakes makes it clear that their impact goes beyond immediate geological concerns. Disruptions caused by seismic activity significantly challenge the integrity of infrastructure, especially critical infrastructure. The resulting damages and disruptions often require substantial financial investments for reconstruction and recovery. Additionally, the human toll, encompassing injuries and loss of life demands comprehensive strategies for emergency preparedness and response. Understanding the layered consequences of earthquakes is crucial for crafting effective risk management policies, encompassing both short-term mitigation measures and long-term resilience-building strategies. This review explores the complexity of seismic events, emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and global coordination in developing strategies to minimize the negative effects of earthquakes.

TERITORIJALNA DISTRIBUCIJA I KAPACITETI VATROGASNO-SPASILAČKIH JEDINICA U REPUBLICI SRPSKOJ (TERRITORIAL DISTRIBUTION AND CAPACITIES OF FIRE AND RESCUE UNITS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA)

Marko Ivanišević, Saša Ljubojević, Neda Živak — Tue, 23 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0100

Vatrogasno-spasilačke jedinice čine deo jedinstvenog sistema zaštite i spasavanja ljudi i materijalnih dobara od prirodnih nepogoda i tehničko-tehnoloških nesreća. Dobro organizovane i adekvatno opremljene, vatrogasno-spasilačke jedinice mogu svojim kapacitetima značajno da unaprede otpornost neke teritorije. U ovom radu analizirana teritorijalna distribucija i kapaciteti vatrogasno-spasilačkih jedinica u lokalnim zajednicama u Republici Srpskoj. Metodološki pristup bazira se na geoprostornu analizu distribucije vatrogasno-spasilačkih jedinica sa posebnim osvrtom na odnos broja stanovnika jedinica lokalne samouprave i broja vatrogasaca-spasilaca. Pored toga, kao dopuna istraživanju urađena je i kratka analiza starosne strukture vatrogasaca. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da je prostorni razmeštaj vatrogasno-spasilačkih jedinica na teri-toriji Republike Srpske zadovoljavajući. Jedinice lokalnih samouprava koje na svojoj teritoriji nemaju vatrogasno-spasilačku jedinicu su Kupres, Vukosavlje, Šekovići i Istočni Mostar. Analizom odnosa broja stanovnika i vatrogasaca utvrđeno je da u proseku u Republici Srpskoj na jednog vatrogasca dođe 979 stanovnika. Posmatrajući sa prostornog aspekta, ne-povoljniji odnosi stanovnika i vatrogasaca evidentirani su u većim jedini-cama lokalnih samouprava koje se nalaze uglavnom u severnom i severo-istočnom delu Republike Srpske. Starosna struktura u vatrogasno-spasilačkim jedinicama je uslovno nepovoljna, naročito ako uzmemo u obzir da oko 55% vatrogasaca-spasilaca spada u kategoriju stariju od 41 godinu. Rezultati ovog istaživanja mogu biti od koristi donosiocima odluka i relevantnim subjektima koji se na direktan ili indirektan način bave protivpožarnom zaštitom. Takođe, ovo istraživanje može poslužiti kao osnova za dalja detaljnija istraživanja navedene problematike.

Fire and rescue units are part of a unified system for the protection and rescue of people and property from natural disasters and technological accidents. Well-organized and adequately equipped, fire and rescue units can significantly enhance the resilience of a territory. This paper analyzes the territorial distribution and capacities of fire and rescue units in local communities in the Republic of Srpska. The methodological approach is based on geospatial analysis of the distribution of fire and rescue units, with a special focus on the relationship between the population of local self-government units and the number of firefighter-rescuers. In addition, a short analysis of the age structure of firefighters is conducted as a supplement to the research. The research results indicate that the spatial deployment of fire and rescue units in the territory of the Republic of Srpska is satisfactory. Local self-government units that do not have a fire and rescue unit on their territory are Kupres, Vukosavlje, Šekovići, and Istočni Mostar. The analysis of the population-to-firefighter ratio reveals that, on average, in the Republic of Srpska, there is one firefighter for every 979 inhabitants. From a spatial perspective, less favourable ratios of population to firefighters are identified in larger units of local self-go-vernment, mainly located in the northern and northeastern parts of the Republic of Srpska. The age structure in fire and rescue units is conditionally unfavorable, especially considering that about 55% of firefighter-rescuers fall into the category older than 41 years. The results of this research can benefit decision-makers and relevant entities directly or indirectly involved in fire protection. Additionally, this research can serve as a basis for further, more detailed investigations into the mentioned issues.