Uloga informacionih sistema u katastrofama
The role of information systems in disaster
Keywords:
vanredne situacije, informacioni sistemi, komunikacija, koordinacija, GISAbstract
Složenost katastrofa savremenog sveta, koje odlikuje neizvesno i neprestano promenljivo okruženje, generiše zahteve za brzim i efikasnim prikupljanjem i obradom informacija, donošenjem odluka i adekvatnim i koordiniranim reagovanjem interventno-spasilačkih službi. Upravo zato, pažnju istraživača širom sveta tokom protekle decenije okupiralo je pitanje upotrebe integrisanih informacionih i komunikacionih sistema u različitim fazama upravljanja u vanrednim situacijama, bez čije je upotrebe danas nezamislivo efikasno upravljanje rizicima. Predmet ovog rada predstavlja sagledavanje uticaja savremenih informacionih sistema, njihovih karakteristika i primene u vanrednim situacijama kao eminentne podrške različitim fazama procesa upravljanja. Pored GIS-a, koji ima suštinsku ulogu kako u fazi planiranja tako i u fazi odgovora na katastrofe u pogledu logističke podrške, diskutuje se o različitim sistemima i konceptima razvijenim za spomenute potrebe, a u čijem je središtu komunikacija. Poseban značaj informacionih sistema ogleda se u sledećem: omogućavanje i olakšavanje brze razmene informacija između jedinica na terenu i udaljene komande; mogućnost pristupa operativnih jedinica na terenu udaljenim bazama podataka i upoznavanja sa planovima aktivnosti; zadovoljavanje zahteva za efikasnom koordinacijom i komunikacijom između svih relevantnih subjekata itd.
The complexity of the catastrophes of the modern world, which is characterized by an uncertain and constantly changing environment, generates demands for fast and efficient collection and processing of information, decision-making and adequate and coordinated response of emergency services. That is why the attention of researchers around the world over the past decade has been occupied by the use of integrated information and communication systems in various phases of emergency management, without the use of which effective risk management is used today. The subject of this paper is to consider the impact of modern information systems, their characteristics and applications in emergency situations as an eminent support to different phases of the management process. In addition to GIS, which has an essential role both in the planning phase and in the disaster response phase in terms of logistical support, various systems and concepts developed for the mentioned needs are discussed, with communication at the center. The special importance of information systems is reflected in the following: enabling and facilitating fast exchange of information between the unit in the field and remote commands; possibility of access of operational units in the field to remote databases and acquaintance with activity plans; meeting the requirements for effective coordination and communication between all relevant entities, etc.
Keywords: emergency situations; information systems; communication; coordination; GIS.
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