Komunikacija o rizicima od katastrofa
Disaster risk communication
Keywords:
katastrofe, komunikacija, rizic, strategije, izvori, subjekti, sredstva, preporukeAbstract
Komunikacija rizika od katastrofa predstavlja jedan od temelјa uspešnog upravlјanja u katastrofama koji se ogleda u smanjenju razarajućih uticaja opasnosti od katastrofa na lјudske živote i imovinu, obezbeđenjem pravovremenih kritičnih informacija ugroženim zajednicama. Nedovoljno razvijen sistem indetifikacije, analize i deljenja informacija o rizicima od katastrofa dovodi do lošeg upravljanja u svim fazama katastrofa (ublažavanje, pripremljenost, odgovor i oporavak). U svakoj od spomenutih faza upravljanja postoje jasni zahtevi za specifičnim informacijama koje omogućavaju efikasno donošenje ključnih i blagovremenih odluka. Razmena informacija o rizicima od katastrofa je pod uticajem velikog broja faktora kao što su stepen naučno-tehnološke razvijenosti, demografskog, sociološkog i psihološkog ambijenta, kao i samih karakteristika prirodnih i antropogenih opasnosti. Polazeći od nesumnjivog značaja informacija o rizicima od katastrofa, autori u preglednom radu identifikuju, analiziraju i sistematizuju relevantne aspekte fenomenoloških dimenzija komunikacije o rizicima od katastrofa. Posebna pažnja posvećena je sveobuhvatnom sagledavanju izvora, subjekata i sredstava komunikacije, sa osvrtom na inovativna rešenja i strategije komunikacije u odgovoru na rizike od prirodnih i antropogenih katastrofa.
Disaster risk communication is one of the foundations of successful disaster management, which is reflected in reducing the devastating effects of disaster hazards on human lives and property by providing timely critical information to vulnerable communities. Insufficiently developed system of identification, analysis, and sharing information on disaster risks leads to poor management in all phases of disasters (mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery). In each of the mentioned management phases, precise requirements for specific information enable the efficient making of crucial and timely decisions. The exchange of information on disaster risks is influenced by many factors such as the degree of scientific and technological development, demographic, sociological, and psychological environment, and the characteristics of natural and anthropogenic hazards. Starting from the undoubted importance of information on disaster risks, the authors in a review work identify, analyze and systematize the relevant aspects of the phenomenological dimensions of communication on disaster risks. Special attention is paid to a comprehensive overview of sources, subjects, and means of communication, with a review of innovative solutions and communication strategies in response to the risks of natural and anthropogenic disasters.
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