Fenomenološke i etiološke dimenzije katastrofa izazvanih zemljotresom
Phenomenological and etiological dimensions of earthquake disasters
Keywords:
prirodne katastrofe, zemljotres, pripremljenost, poslediceAbstract
Prirodne katastrofe su postale deo svakodnevnog života savremenog čoveka, i njihove pojave su sve učestalije i intenzivnije zbog klimatskih promena. Zemljotresi zbog svoje nepredvidivosti predstavljaju jednu od najstrašnijih i najskupljih prirodnih katastrofa. Autori u ovom radu, koristeći pregled literature, predstavljaju osnovne karakteristike zemljotresa kao prirodnih katastrofa, kao i značaj pripremljenosti u odgovoru na prirodne katastrofe. Prikazani su osnovni elementi zemljotresa, klasifikacija, skale za merenje jačine zemljotresa i posledice koje izazivaju zemljotresi. S obzirom na to da pripremljenost za katastrofe na nivou pojedinca, zajednice i društva predstavlja efikasno oruđe u smanjenju rizika od katastrofa i ublažavanju njihovih posledica, u radu je posebna pažnja posvećena načinima poboljšanja pripremljenosti. Korišćenjem brojnih naučnih radova, prikazana su iskustva mnogih država čije primere je potrebno pratiti kako bi se na pravilan način osmislile i implementirale strategije ublažavanja posledica prirodnih katastrofa, i programi edukacije građana.
Natural disasters have become a part of the everyday life of modern man, and their occurrences are more frequent and intense due to climate change. Due to their unpredictability, earthquakes are one of the most terrible and expensive natural disasters. The authors in this paper, using a review of the literature, present the basic characteristics of earthquakes as natural disasters, as well as the importance of preparedness in response to natural disasters. The basic elements of earthquakes, classification, scales for measuring the strength of earthquakes, and the consequences caused by earthquakes are presented. Given that disaster preparedness at the level of the individual, community and society is an effective tool in reducing the risk of disasters and mitigating their consequences, this paper pays special attention to methods that improve preparedness. Using numerous scientific papers, the experiences of many countries are presented, whose examples need to be followed in order to properly design and implement strategies for mitigating the consequences of natural disasters, and education programs for citizens.
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